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A Wrinkle in Time Audiobook and Read

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1962 science fantasy novel by Madeleine 50'Engle

A Wrinkle in Time
WrinkleInTimePBA1.jpg

Kickoff-edition dust jacket
Author Madeleine Fifty'Engle
Illustrator Ellen Raskin (1960s editions)
Country The states
Language English
Genre Immature Adult, Science fantasy
Publisher Ariel Books

Publication engagement

 Jan i, 1962
OCLC 22421788
LC Grade PZ7.L5385 Wr 1962[1]
Followed by A Current of air in the Door

A Wrinkle in Time is a immature adult novel written past American author Madeleine L'Engle. First published in 1962,[2] the book won the Newbery Medal, the Sequoyah Volume Award, the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award, and was runner-upward for the Hans Christian Andersen Award.[3] [a] The main characters—Million Murry, Charles Wallace Murry, and Calvin O'Keefe—embark on a journeying through infinite and fourth dimension, from galaxy to galaxy, every bit they endeavor to save the Murrys' begetter and the world. The novel offers a glimpse into the war between low-cal and darkness, and good and evil, as the immature characters mature into adolescents on their journeying.[four] The novel wrestles with questions of spirituality and purpose, as the characters are often thrown into conflicts of love, divinity, and goodness.[4] It is the first volume in L'Engle's Time Quintet, which follows the Murrys and Calvin O'Keefe.

L'Engle modeled the Murry family unit on her ain. Scholar Bernice E. Cullinan noted that L'Engle created characters who "share common joy with a mixed fantasy and science fiction setting."[five] The novel's scientific and religious undertones are therefore highly reflective of the life of Fifty'Engle.[half dozen]

The book has inspired 2 moving-picture show adaptations, both by Disney: a 2003 television film directed by John Kent Harrison, and a 2022 theatrical film directed by Ava DuVernay.

Background [edit]

Raised in the Upper Eastward Side of Manhattan, author Madeleine 50'Engle began writing at a young age.[7] After graduating from boarding school in Switzerland, she attended Smith Higher, where she earned a degree in English.[eight] In add-on to writing, 50'Engle also gained feel as an histrion and playwright.[7] At age forty, she nigh abandoned her career as a novelist, only continued to write after her publication of Meet the Austins.[7]

50'Engle wrote A Wrinkle in Time between 1959 and 1960.[9] In her memoir, A Circle of Quiet (1972), L'Engle explains that the book was conceived "during a time of transition."[10] After years of living in rural Goshen, Connecticut where they ran a full general store, Fifty'Engle's family unit, the Franklins, moved dorsum to New York Metropolis, first taking a ten-week camping trip across the country. L'Engle writes that "we drove through a world of deserts and buttes and leafless mountains, wholly new and alien to me. And suddenly into my mind came the names, Mrs Whatsit. Mrs Who. Mrs Which."[xi] This was in the spring of 1959. When asked for more than information in an interview with Horn Book mag in 1983, L'Engle responded "I cannot peradventure tell you how I came to write it. Information technology was merely a book I had to write. I had no pick. Information technology was only afterwards it was written that I realized what some of it meant." 50'Engle has too described the novel as her "psalm of praise to life, [her] stand up for life confronting death."[12]

Additionally, L'Engle drew upon her interest in science. The novel includes references to Einstein's theory of relativity and Planck'southward quantum theory.[7]

A Wrinkle in Fourth dimension is the kickoff novel in the Time Quintet, a series of five young adult novels written by Madeleine L'Engle.[13] Later books include A Wind in the Door, A Swiftly Tilting Planet, Many Waters, and An Acceptable Time.[13] The serial follows the adventures of 1000000 Murry, her youngest brother Charles Wallace Murry, their friend Calvin O'Keefe, and her twin siblings Sandy and Dennys Murry.[13] Throughout the series, the friends ring together to travel through space and time as they attempt to save the globe from the grasps of evil.[13]

Publication history [edit]

Upon completion in 1960, the novel was rejected by at to the lowest degree 26 publishers, considering it was, in Fifty'Engle's words, "likewise different," and "considering it deals overtly with the problem of evil, and it was really difficult for children, and was it a children's or an adults' book, anyhow?"[2] [11]

In "A Special Message from Madeleine 50'Engle" on the Random Business firm website, 50'Engle offers some other possible reason for the rejections: "A Wrinkle in Time had a female protagonist in a science fiction book," which at the time was uncommon.[14] After trying "forty-odd" publishers (L'Engle afterward said "twenty-six rejections"), Fifty'Engle's agent returned the manuscript to her. Then at Christmas, Fifty'Engle threw a tea party for her mother. One of the guests happened to know John C. Farrar of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, and he insisted that L'Engle should encounter with him.[14] Although the publisher did non, at the time, publish a line of children's books, Farrar met L'Engle, liked the novel, and ultimately published it nether the Ariel imprint.[14]

In 1963, the book won the Newbery Medal, an annual award given past the Clan for Library Service to Children, a division of the American Library Association, to the author of the nearly distinguished contribution to American children's literature. The book has been continuously in print since its first publication. The hardback edition is still published past Farrar, Straus & Giroux. The original blue grit jacket by Ellen Raskin was replaced with new art past Leo and Diane Dillon, with the publication of A Swiftly Tilting Planet in 1978. The volume has also been published in a 25th anniversary collectors' edition (express to 500 signed and numbered copies), at least 2 book club editions (one hardback, one Scholastic Volume Services paperback), every bit a trade paperback under the Dell Yearling imprint, and every bit a mass market paperback under the Dell Laurel-Foliage imprint. The cover art on the paperback editions has inverse several times since its showtime publication.[ commendation needed ]

The book was reissued by Square Fish in trade and mass market paperback formats in May 2007, along with the rest of the Fourth dimension Quintet. This new edition includes a previously unpublished interview with L'Engle too every bit a transcription of her Newbery Medal acceptance speech.[15]

Plot summary [edit]

One nighttime, xiii-year-old Meg Murry meets an eccentric new neighbor, Mrs Whatsit, who refers to something chosen a tesseract. She later finds out it is a scientific concept her father was working on before his mysterious disappearance. The following day, Meg, her kid genius brother Charles, and beau schoolmate Calvin visit Mrs Whatsit's home, where the equally strange Mrs Who and the unseen voice of Mrs Which promise to help Meg observe and rescue her father.

Mrs Whatsit, Mrs Who, and Mrs Which turn out to exist supernatural beings who send Meg, Charles Wallace, and Calvin O'Keefe through the universe by means of a tesseract, a fifth-dimensional phenomenon explained equally folding the material of space and time; this form of travel is chosen tessering. Their first stop is the planet Uriel, a Utopian earth filled with Centaur-like beings who live in a state of calorie-free and love. The Mrs Ws reveal to the children that the universe is under attack from an evil existence who appears as a large nighttime cloud called The Blackness Matter, which is essentially the personification of evil. The children are taken to Orion's Chugalug to visit the Happy Medium, a woman with a crystal ball through which they encounter that Earth is partially covered by the darkness, although slap-up religious figures, philosophers, scientists, and artists take been fighting against information technology. Mrs Whatsit is revealed to be a one-time star who exploded in an act of self-sacrifice to fight the darkness.

The children travel to the dark planet of Camazotz, which has succumbed to the Black Thing and where 1000000's father is trapped because he would not succumb to the group heed that causes inhabitants to behave in a mechanical way. In order to find their father, Charles Wallace deliberately allows himself to exist hypnotized. He takes Million and Calvin to the place where Meg's father, Alexander, is being held prisoner. Charles Wallace then takes them to IT, the evil disembodied encephalon with powerful abilities that controls the planet. Using special powers from Mrs Who'southward glasses, Alexander tessers Calvin, Meg, and himself to the planet Ixchel earlier IT can control them all. Charles Wallace is left backside, still under the influence of Information technology and Meg is paralyzed from injuries sustained during the trip. An inhabitant of the planet with featureless faces, tentacles and 4 artillery proves to exist both wise and gentle and cures Meg'southward paralysis, prompting her to nickname it "Aunt Brute".

The trio of Mrs Whatsit, Mrs Who, and Mrs Which get in and charge Meg with rescuing Charles Wallace from Information technology. Arriving at the building where Information technology resides, they observe Charles Wallace under IT's influence. Inspired by hints from the Mrs Ws, Million focuses all her love at Charles Wallace and is able to free him from It's command. They all then tesser back to Earth and the Mrs Ws leave.

Characters [edit]

Main characters [edit]

Margaret "Meg" Murry [edit]

Meg is the oldest child of scientists Alex and Kate Murry, most 13 years old. Introduced on the start page of the volume, she is the story'due south main protagonist One of Kate Murry's "abnormal" children, she seems to accept a temper and a difficult fourth dimension focusing in school.

Charles Wallace Murry [edit]

Charles Wallace is the youngest Murry child, at six years old. Charles Wallace speaks only to his family unit, just can empathically or telepathically read sure people'south thoughts and feelings.

Calvin O'Keefe [edit]

Calvin is the 3rd oldest of Paddy and Branwen O'Keefe's eleven children: a alpine, thin, red-haired 14-year-old high school inferior.

Supernatural characters [edit]

Mrs Whatsit, Mrs Who, and Mrs Which [edit]

Mrs Whatsit, Mrs Who, and Mrs Which are immortal beings who tin can travel across large stretches of time and infinite by dematerializing and rematerializing. They are capable of shapeshifting, but spend nearly of their time on Earth as elderly women.

Mrs Whatsit [edit]

Mrs Whatsit is the youngest of the Mrs Ws (despite being 2,379,152,497 years, viii months, and 3 days former), and interacts with the children.

Mrs Who [edit]

Mrs Who communicates in Latin, Castilian, Italian, German, French, Portuguese, and Greek.

Mrs Which [edit]

Mrs Which is the leader of the three women and the wisest.

IT [edit]

Current book comprehend art (2007) by Taeeun Yoo, showing the Mrs Ws (at the left) and the children at the Cardinal Central Intelligence building (at the right).

"IT" is the bodiless, telepathic brain that dominates the planet of Camazotz. It is described as a giant-sized homo brain. While Information technology usually speaks through 1 of its pawns, IT tin can speak direct to people via telepathy.

The Black Affair [edit]

The Blackness Thing, a formless, shadowy being, is the source of all evil in the universe.

Secondary characters [edit]

Alex Murry [edit]

Alex Murry, the father of the Murry children, is a physicist who is researching the mysteries of the space/time continuum. At the start of the novel, he has been missing for some time.

Dr. Katherine "Kate" Murry [edit]

Katherine Murry, the mother of the Murry children, is a microbiologist. She is considered beautiful past the Murry children and others, having "flaming red hair", creamy skin, and violet optics with long dark lashes.

Sandy and Dennys Murry [edit]

Sandy and his twin blood brother Dennys are the middle children in the Murry family, older than Charles Wallace but younger than Million. They are 10 years old at the time of this book. The twins are depicted every bit inseparable from one another. They are the only "normal" and accepted children in the Murry family.

Mrs. Buncombe [edit]

Mrs. Buncombe is the wife of the constable in Meg's hometown.

Mr. Jenkins [edit]

Mr. Jenkins is Meg's high-school chief who implies that her family unit is in denial about Mr. Murry's true whereabouts.

Supporting alien characters [edit]

Happy Medium [edit]

The Happy Medium is human in appearance. She uses her powers and a crystal ball to look at afar places and people. She lives in a cavern on a planet in Orion'due south Chugalug.

Aunt Beast [edit]

Aunt Fauna (a name created by Meg) is a character who nurses and befriends Meg on the planet Ixchel. The graphic symbol is a four-armed eyeless grey beast with telepathic abilities and numerous long, waving tentacles instead of fingers. The graphic symbol'southward actual name, if any, is not given.

Analysis [edit]

Religious analysis [edit]

The novel is highly spiritualized, with notable influences of divine intervention and prominent undertones of religious messages.[16] Co-ordinate to scholar James Beasley Simpson, the overwhelming honey and desire for light inside the novel is directly representative of a Christian love for God and Jesus Christ.[16] Furthermore, the children run across spiritual intervention, signaling God's presence in the ordinary, as well as the extendibility of God'due south power and love.[4] Madeleine L'Engle's fantasy works are in function highly expressive of her Christian viewpoint in a way somewhat similar to that of Christian fantasy writer C. Due south. Lewis. She was herself the official author-in-residence at New York City'southward Episcopal Cathedral of St. John the Divine, which is known for its prominent position in the liberal fly of the Episcopal Church.[17] L'Engle'southward liberal Christianity has been the target of criticism from more bourgeois Christians, especially with respect to certain elements of A Wrinkle in Fourth dimension.[18]

L'Engle utilizes numerous religious references and allusions in the naming of locations within the novel. The proper noun Camazotz refers to a Mayan bat god, one of L'Engle's many mythological allusions in her nomenclature.[19] The proper noun Ixchel refers to a Mayan jaguar goddess of medicine.[19] Uriel is a planet with extremely tall mountains, an innuendo to the Archangel Uriel. Information technology is inhabited by creatures that resemble winged centaurs. It is "the third planet of the Star Malak (significant 'angel' in Hebrew) in the spiral nebula Messier 101", which would identify information technology at roughly 21 million light-years from Earth.[xx] The site of Mrs Whatsit's temporary transformation into one of these winged creatures, information technology is the identify where "the guardian angels show the questers a vision of the universe that is obscured on globe."[20] The 3 women are described every bit ancient star-beings who act every bit guardian angels.[twenty]

The theme of picturing the fight of adept against evil as a battle of light and darkness is a recurring one. Its manner is reminiscent of the prologue to the Gospel of John, which is quoted within the book.[5] When the Mrs Ws reveal their secret roles in the cosmic fight confronting darkness, they ask the children to proper noun some figures on Earth, a partially dark planet, who fight the darkness. They name Jesus and, subsequently in the word, Buddha is named as well.

Nevertheless, religious journalist Sarah Pulliam Bailey doubts whether the novel contains religious undertones.[6] Bailey explains that many readers somehow believe the novel promotes witchcraft, every bit opposed to alluding to Christian spirituality.[6] Bailey states that conservative Christians take offense, due to the novel's potential relativistic qualities, suggesting the various interpretations of religious allusions signals anti-Christian sentiments.[6] Even so, in her personal periodical referencing A Wrinkle in Time, L'Engle confirms the religious content within the novel: "If I've always written a volume that says what I experience virtually God and the universe, this is it."[6]

Conformity [edit]

Further, the themes of conformity and the condition quo are present. IT is a powerful dominant grouping that manipulates the planet of Camazotz into conformity. Fifty-fifty Charles Wallace falls prey and is hence persuaded to adjust. Information technology is thanks to One thousand thousand that she and her family are able to suspension from conformity.[21] Co-ordinate to the author'due south granddaughter Charlotte Jones Voiklis, the story was non a unproblematic allegory of communism; in a three-page passage that was cut earlier publication, the process of domination and conformity is said to be an outcome of dictatorship under totalitarian regimes and past an excessive desire of security under democratic countries.[22] [23]

Scholar Jean Fulton writes:

"50'Engle's fiction for immature readers is considered important partly because she was among the offset to focus directly on the deep, frail issues that immature people must face, such as death, social conformity, and truth. L'Engle's work always is uplifting because she is able to await at the surface values of life from a perspective of wholeness, both joy and pain, transcending each to uncover the absolute nature of human experience that they share."[24]

Conformity within Camazotz [edit]

Camazotz is a planet of extreme, enforced conformity, ruled by a disembodied brain called It. Camazotz is similar to Globe, with familiar trees such as birches, pines, and maples, an ordinary colina on which the children arrive, and a town with smokestacks, which "might have been one of any number of familiar towns". The horror of the place arises from its ordinary appearance, endlessly duplicated. The houses are "all exactly alike, minor foursquare boxes painted gray", which, according to author Donald Hettinga, signals a comparison to "the burgeoning American suburbia", such as the post-war housing developments of Levittown, Pennsylvania.[25] The people who live in the houses are similarly described as "mother figures" who "all gave the appearance of existence the same". Scholar William Blackburn draws a comparison to "an early sixties American paradigm of life in a Communist state", a label Blackburn later dismissed.[26]

Feminism [edit]

A Wrinkle in Time has also received praise for empowering young female readers.[27] Critics have celebrated L'Engle'southward depiction of 1000000 Murry, a young, precocious heroine whose curiosity and intellect help save the world from evil.[28] The New York Times has described this portrayal as "a difference from the typical 'girls' book' protagonist - every bit wonderful as many of those varied characters are".[29] In doing so, L'Engle has been credited for paving the way for other bright heroines, including Hermione Granger of the Harry Potter book series, besides every bit Katniss Everdeen of the Hunger Games trilogy.[28] Regarding her option to include a female protagonist, L'Engle has stated in her acceptance speech upon receiving the Margaret Edwards Honour "I'm a female. Why would I give all the best ideas to a male?"[28]

Reception [edit]

At the time of the book'south publication, Kirkus Reviews said: "Readers who relish symbolic reference may find this trip through time and space an exhilarating feel; the rest will be forced to ponder the double entendres."[30] Co-ordinate to The Horn Book Mag: "Hither is a defoliation of scientific discipline, philosophy, satire, religion, literary allusions, and quotations that will no doubt take many critics. I found it fascinating... Information technology makes unusual demands on the imagination and consequently gives great rewards."[31] In a retrospective essay nearly the Newbery Medal-winning books from 1956 to 1965, librarian Carolyn Horovitz wrote: "In that location is no question but that the book is good entertainment and that the writer carries the story along with a dandy deal of verve; at that place is some question about the depth of its quality."[32] In a 2011 essay for Tor.com, American author and critic Mari Ness called A Wrinkle in Time "a book that refuses to talk down to its readers, believing them able to grasp the difficult concepts of mathematics, love and the battle betwixt skilful and evil. And that'due south quite something."[33]

A 2004 study found that A Wrinkle in Fourth dimension was a common read-aloud book for sixth-graders in schools in San Diego County, California.[34] Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Instruction Association listed the book as one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children."[35] It was one of the "Superlative 100 Chapter Books" of all time in a 2012 poll by School Library Journal.[36]

In 2016, the novel saw a spike in sales after Chelsea Clinton mentioned it equally influential in her childhood in a speech at the 2022 Democratic National Convention.[37]

Controversy [edit]

A Wrinkle in Time is on the American Library Association listing of the 100 About Frequently Challenged Books of 1990–2000 at number 23.[38] The novel has been defendant of being both anti-religious and anti-Christian for its inclusion of witches and crystal balls and for containing "New Age" spiritualist themes that do not reflect traditional Christian teachings.[39] [forty] According to Us Today, the novel was challenged in a school district in the state of Alabama due to the "book's listing the proper name of Jesus Christ together with the names of great artists, philosophers, scientists and religious leaders when referring to those who defend Earth against evil."[41] The novel was likewise challenged in 1984 by an simple school in Polk Urban center, Florida when parents claimed that the novel promoted witchcraft.[42]

Regarding this controversy, author Madeleine L'Engle told The New York Times: "It seems people are willing to damn the volume without reading it. Nonsense about witchcraft and fantasy. Showtime I felt horror, and then anger, and finally I said, 'Aw, the hell with it.' It's great publicity, really."[43]

Adaptations [edit]

Audio books [edit]

In 1994, Listening Library released an unabridged, 4-cassette audio edition read by the author.[44]

On January x, 2012, Audible released a 50th anniversary edition recorded by Promise Davis.[45]

Film adaptations [edit]

In 2003, a television adaptation of the novel was made by a collaboration of Canadian product companies, to be distributed in the United states by Disney. The picture was directed by John Kent Harrison, with a teleplay by Susan Shilliday. It stars Katie Stuart as Meg Murry, Alfre Woodard as Mrs. Whatsit, Alison Elliott as Mrs. Who, and Kate Nelligan as Mrs. Which. In an interview with MSNBC/Newsweek, when L'Engle was asked if the film "met her expectations", she said, "I have glimpsed it... I expected information technology to be bad, and it is."[46]

A theatrical characteristic film adaptation of the novel, by Walt Disney Pictures, was released in 2018. The film was directed past Ava DuVernay and written past Jennifer Lee and Jeff Stockwell. It stars Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling, Chris Pine, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Storm Reid, Michael Peña, and Zach Galifianakis.[47] [48]

Play [edit]

An adaptation by James Sie premiered at the Lifeline Theatre in Chicago in 1990, and it returned to the stage in 1998 and 2017.[49]

John Glore adapted the novel as a play that premiered in 2010. It was written for 6 actors playing 12 parts. One actor plays Mrs Whatsit, the Man with Cerise Optics, and Camazotz Man. Dr. Kate Murry, Mrs Who, Camazotz Adult female, and Aunt Beast also share one performer. The stage adaptation premiered in Costa Mesa, California, with productions in Bethesda, Maryland; Cincinnati; Philadelphia; Orlando; Portland, Oregon; and other cities.[fifty] [51]

An adaptation by Tracy Immature premiered at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in Apr 2014, equally well as at colleges and theaters around the U.Due south.[52]

Opera [edit]

In 1992, OperaDelaware (known for frequently adapting children's books) staged an opera based on A Wrinkle in Fourth dimension written past Libby Larsen with a libretto by Walter Green. The review in Philly.com stated: "The composer does non place arias and set pieces, but conversational ensembles with spoken dialogue that made the young daughter's climactic but concise song about familial love all the more imposing."[53] [54]

Graphic novel [edit]

In 2010, Promise Larson announced that she was writing and illustrating the official graphic novel version of the book. This version was published by Farrar, Straus & Giroux in October 2012.[55] [56]

Farther reading [edit]

Concerning A Wrinkle in Time [edit]

  • Scholastic BookFiles: A Reading Guide to A Wrinkle in Time ISBN 0-439-46364-v
  • Chase, Carole F. Suncatcher: A Written report of Madeleine 50'Engle and Her Writing, p. 170. Innisfree Printing, 1998, ISBN 1-880913-31-iii

See also [edit]

  • Tunnel Through Time
  • Wormhole

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ The biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award for children'southward writing was inaugurated in 1956, recognizing a unmarried book published during the preceding 2 years. Since the first three renditions—that is, from 1962—it has recognized a living writer for a lasting contribution, considering his or her consummate works. Withal, a "Runner-Upwards List" with unmarried volume titles was published from 1960 to 1964. [Pages 15–16. This source does non identify those runners-up or report their number.]
    Glistrup, Eva (2002). "Half a Century of the Hans Christian Andersen Awards". The Hans Christian Andersen Awards, 1956–2002. International Board on Books for Young People. Gyldendal. 2002. Pages 14–21. Hosted by Austrian Literature Online (literature.at). Retrieved 2013-07-22.

References [edit]

  1. ^ "A wrinkle in time". LC Online Itemize. Library of Congress (lccn.loc.gov). Retrieved 2016-10-30.
  2. ^ a b L'Unji, Madeleine (2007). "Become Fish: Questions for the Author", A Wrinkle in Fourth dimension. New York: Square fish. p. 236. ISBN978-0-312-36754-ane.
  3. ^ Hunt, Carole F. (1998). Suncatcher: A Study of Madeleine 50'Engle And Her Writing. Philadelphia: Innisfree Press, Inc. p. 170. ISBNi-880913-31-three.
  4. ^ a b c Thomas. (2006). 50'engle, Madeleine. In E. Chiliad. Dowling, & W. G. Scarlett (Eds.), Encyclopedia of religious and spiritual development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Retrieved from https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/sagersd/l_engle_madeleine/0
  5. ^ a b Cullinan, B. E. (2005). L'engle, Madeleine. In B. E. Cullinan, & D. G. Person (Eds.), Continuum encyclopedia of children'southward literature. London, UK: Continuum. Retrieved from https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/kidlit/l_engle_madeleine/0
  6. ^ a b c d e Bailey, Sarah Pulliam. "Publishers rejected her, Christians attacked her: The deep faith of 'A Contraction in Fourth dimension' author Madeleine L'Engle." Washington Mail, 8 Mar. 2018. Biography In Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/md/A530261696/BIC?u=wash43584&sid=BIC&xid=a8c7637d. Accessed 29 Nov. 2018.
  7. ^ a b c d Martin, Douglas (September viii, 2007). "Madeleine 50'Engle, Writer of Children's Classics, Is Dead at 88". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  8. ^ "14 Things to Know Most Madeleine L'Engle's Life and Legacy « - Smith college Office of Alumnae Relations Smith College Office of Alumnae Relations". alumnae.smith.edu . Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  9. ^ L'Engle, Madeleine (1987). A Wrinkle in Time, 25th Anniversary Collectors' Edition (Limited ed.). ikNew York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. pp. viii–ix.
  10. ^ Fifty'Engle, Madeleine (Jan 1971). A Circumvolve of Quiet. ISBN0-374-12374-eight.
  11. ^ a b L'Engle, Madeleine (1972). A Circumvolve of Repose . New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. pp. five–6, 21, 66, 217–218. ISBN0-374-12374-8.
  12. ^ Melcher, Michael (September 8, 2007). "What I Learned from Madeleine L'Engle". HuffPost . Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  13. ^ a b c d "Macmillan". Us Macmillan . Retrieved Apr 24, 2019.
  14. ^ a b c L'Engle, Madeleine (2004). "A Special Message from Madeleine L'Engle". Teachers @ Random: A Wrinkle in Time. Random Firm, Inc. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  15. ^ "It's Fourth dimension to Read A Wrinkle in Time". Foursquare Fish Books. 2007. Archived from the original on March 3, 2007. Retrieved March 1, 2007.
  16. ^ a b Humankind - Religion - Spirituality. (1988). In J. B. Simpson, Simpson's contemporary quotations. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. Retrieved from https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/simpsons/humankind_religion_spirituality/0
  17. ^ Chan, Sewell (November 30, 2008). "Repaired After Burn down, Cathedral Reopens". The New York Times.
  18. ^ Hettinga, Donald (1998), "A Wrinkle in Faith: The unique spiritual pilgrimage of Madeleine L'Engle", Books & Culture: A Christian Review, Christianity today
  19. ^ a b Stott, Jon (Fall 1977). "Midsummer Nighttime's Dreams: Fantasy and Self-Realization in Children'due south Fiction". The Panthera leo and the Unicorn. 1 (2): 25–39. doi:10.1353/uni.0.0401. S2CID 145776252. ; cited in Hettinga, pp. 27, 30.
  20. ^ a b c Hettinga, p. 26
  21. ^ Fulton, Jean C (2002). "A Wrinkle in Time". In Kelleghan, Fiona (ed.). Classics of Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature. Vol. 2. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press. pp. 597–98. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved Dec 26, 2012. ...the importance of both individual initiative and family interaction is a thematic thread. L'Engle made both the Murry adults highly talented, both intellectually and scientifically. This was atypical of fiction published in the 1950s, when the volume was written. Female person characters rarely were featured as intellectuals or scientists. L'Engle has been praised for this difference besides equally for her creation of strong female person characters. Critics even suggested that in making Meg the protagonist in A Wrinkle in Time, L'Engle opened the door for the many female protagonists who have appeared in more recent fantasy and science fiction.
  22. ^ "A contraction in time extract". The Wall Street Journal.
  23. ^ Maloney, Jennifer (April 16, 2015). "A New 'Wrinkle in Time'". The Wall Street Journal.
  24. ^ Fulton, Jean C. (2002). "A Wrinkle in Time". In Fiona Kelleghan (ed.). Classics of Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature. Vol. 2. Pasadena, Calif.: Salem Press. p. 596. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2012. Madeleine 50'Engle's view of the universe was changed by the work of such well-known physicists every bit Albert Einstein and Max Planck. She expressed her new perspective in A Contraction in Fourth dimension...
  25. ^ Hettinga, Donald R. (1993). Presenting Madeleine Fifty'Engle . New York: Twayne Publishers. p. 27. ISBN0-8057-8222-2.
  26. ^ Blackburn, William (1985). "Madeleine 50'Engle's A Wrinkle in Time: Seeking the Original Face". Touchstones: Reflections on the Best in Children's Literature. 1: 125. ; cited in Hettinga, pp. 27.
  27. ^ Doll, Jen (Jan xxx, 2017). "eleven Young-Developed Books for Stoking the Feminist Fire". The Strategist . Retrieved Apr 29, 2019.
  28. ^ a b c Escobar, Natalie. "The Remarkable Influence of A Contraction in Time". Smithsonian . Retrieved Apr 29, 2019.
  29. ^ Paul, Pamela (January 27, 2012). "'A Wrinkle in Time' and Its Sci-Fi Heroine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved Apr 29, 2019.
  30. ^ "A Contraction IN TIME by Madeleine L'Engle". Kirkus Reviews. March 1, 1962. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
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External links [edit]

  • Madeleine L'Engle (madeleinelengle.com)
  • A Wrinkle in Time reviewed at The Open Critic
  • A Contraction in Fourth dimension title listing at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
  • A Wrinkle in Time (TV) (mini) at IMDb
  • Official book site for the May 2007 release.
Awards
Preceded by

The Bronze Bow

Newbery Medal recipient
1963 		Succeeded past

It's Like This, Cat

dentonbeirds.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Wrinkle_in_Time

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